Category Archives: 5 – Rock

Psychedelic Rock 5: Proto-Prog Rock

Psychedelic Rock: Proto-Prog Rock

The music had taken a different turn with “Strawberry Fields” in pop a song such as this to hit #8 is truly remarkable. Really the 1966 album Revolver changed what a pop rock & roll band could do in the mid-sixties in terms of album-oriented rock and what can be referred to as ‘classic rock”. With the release of “Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band” album rock would go on well into the 80’s with many triumphs as well as misses.

Many of the albums in the psychedelic age were loose conceptual albums pushed in Britain by The Kinks, The Small Faces and other minor British bands. There were many great one-offs in 1967 like

Pink Floyd would emerge from psychedelia London to be re-invented and re-invented again in the early 70’s hard rock, prog rock and arena rock. Floyd spawning on other British prog rockers Yes, King Crimson, ELP, and other hard rock and heavy metal bands.

Led Zeppelin, Vanilla Fudge and Deep Purple helped to keep the psychedelic element in hard rock music as blues heavy Black Sabbath started its own genre of true “heavy metal”, soon to be accompanied by Judas Priest, Motorhead and Iron Maiden.

 

Country Rock

Country Rock

1968-Present

After a brief hiatus in after his motorcycle accident”  Dylan emerged once again directed a trend to dig deep into America’s Americana blues,/folk/pop and also the Country & Western music that had so inspired him as a kid. Dylan invented another modern rock genre called “Country Rock” with the help of “the Hawks” later to be dubbed “The Band” to influence many of the super-groups of the1970s southern rock and hard rock genres.

The Byrds came out with 2 country rock masterpieces and Gram Parsons. The Nitty Gritty Band, Emmylou Harris, Joanie Mitchell, Linda Rondstadt, Poco, Tim Hardin, Flying Burrito Brothers

Key Country Rock recordings 

Dylans two C&W offerings 1967’s “John Wesley Harding” and 1968 “Nashville Skyline”; The Byrds albums “The Notorious Byrd Brothers” and the Byrd/Gram Parsons C&W masterpiece “Sweetheart of the Rodeo”; Flying Burrito Brothers two albums “The Gilded Palace of Sin” and 1970 “Burrito Deluxe”; Gram Parsons with International Submarine Band released “Safe at Home” in 1968; Pure Praire League “Bustin Out” released 1972, “Two Lane Highway” released June 1975; The Eagles “Desperado” and “On the Border;  Jim Messina & Richie Fury (Poco), John Fogarty (CCR), Mike Nesmith (the Monkees), Charlie Daniels Band”The Devil Went Down to Georgia”

 

Other Country Rock artists

Diverse groups but with a common popular light country with rock and roll which led to bands as diverse as the Beau Brummels, The Eagles, The Doobie Brothers, Glen Campbell, Lynard Skynard, the Band, New Riders of the Purple SageCreedence Clearwater Revival, the Grateful Dead, Neil Young and George Harrison and much of the light rock sub-genre all influenced in one way or another by country & western music.

Later, this sub-genre would have enormous influence on the “new” Country Music of the late 1980s and on through the 1990s into the 21st century.

 

Hard Rock #1

Hard Rock

Hard rock is a genre that came to light in the mid-sixties, hard rock is made up of several rock & roll influenced sub-genres.

First, there is “garage rock” which cropped up from the instrumental rock & roll of the late fifties with songs like the Kingsmen’s “Louie, Louie” and the surf rock of the early sixties such as the Trashmen’s “Bird Is A Word”.

Then add to that the mix of blues-influenced British Invasion bands like the Beatles and the Stones and you get hard rock. Many scholars argue as to the first song of whatever yet with the song “You Really Got Me” by the Kinks it seems to be a good start with the first distortion later to be enhanced and duplicated spawning several sub-genres.

Hard rock developed in the middle years of the 60’s with the influence of the Briitish Invasion becoming more and more important in the development of rock.

The distortion on the guitars continued from the Kinks late 1964 to the Rolling Stones “Satisfaction” in the summer of 1965 then there was an outcropping of the sound amongst the Beatles (I Feel Fine, Ticket To Ride), The Kinks (I Need You), The Stones (19th Nervous Breakdown), The Yardbirds (Shape Of Things )and the Who (My Generation) and their albums.

This led to new psychedelic bands that experimented in folk rock as well as blues induced hard rock in 1967. In the UK there was the rise of Cream, Jimi Hendrix Experience and Pink Floyds mix of eclectic music.

On the west coast particularly San Francisco where the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane and (Janice Joplin) Big Brother and the Holding Company. In LA was the mighty Jim Morrison and the Doors along with Frank Zappa and the Mothers, not to forget the Village NY with Velvet Underground and the Fugs.

 

Hard rock had been growing since the early days of rhythm and blues and yet the year it became main-stream and would be listened to on public radio stations for decades has to be 1968 for several reasons. First, The Beatles and the Stones put out hard rock singles with “Revolution” and “Street Fighting Man”, Steppenwolf releases “Born To Be Wild” hitting number 2 on the Billboard charts at the end of the summer.

 

 

Key Hard Rock songs that influenced: The Beatles “Revolution”, “Helter Skelter”;Blue Cheer – “Summertime Blues”; Arthur Brown – “Fire”; Iron Butterfly -“In A Gadda Da Vida”, Steppenwolf – “Born To Be Wild”, King Crimson

 

 

Hard Rock #2 – The Decibel Technology

The Decibel Technology

Led Zeppelin

Personally, I see Deep Purple as well as Vanilla Fudge as early hard rock bands that were sometimes called heavy metal bands like Led Zeppelin was. However, I think Led Zeppelin was too diverse in their music styles to be labeled purely a “heavy metal” band. To my ears, Led Zeppelin fits better in the categories of classic rock including blues rock, funk rock, folk rock and hard rock and not only heavy metal, what do you think?

 

Hard Rock vs. Heavy Metal

Hard rock became mainstream with groups like James Gang (Walk Away), Queen (Keep Yourself Alive), Neil Young (Cinnamon Girl) radio favorites Boston , Thin Lizzy, Bachman Turner Overdrive and Heart early 70’s, Rush, Bon Scot era AC/DC, original line-up of Kiss,all have elements and songs that had that aggressive sound but are still considered hard rock bands.

 

The Year of Hard Rock: 1968

Blues rock, psychedelic rock and folk rock mixed around in late 1967 and gave way to a string of distortion hits in 1968 starting the genre “Hard Rock”. In early 1968, the music was still tripping with psychedelic albums as divergent as the Beatles “Magical Mystery Tour” and Zappa’s #30 “We’re Only In It, For The Money”. But things were about to change after a very troubling spring (April 4th) and early summer with the assassinations of both Martin Luther King Jr. and Bobby Kennedy (June 5th) the music started to change.

The summer started with Blue Cheer’s # 14 “Summertime Blues” in early May becoming what many agree is the first classic heavy metal song. The Stones were back in July with the energetic #3 “Jumping Jack Flash”, August, 3rd broke out with the Doors #1 buzz guitar “Hello, I Love You” followed by Steppenwolf’s #2 “Born to Be Wild” on August 24th using the phrase “heavy metal” in a song. Then, Vanilla Fudge’s #6You Keep Me Hanging On” and super-group Cream’s ‘#5 “Sunshine of Your Love”  both peaked August 31st and where very influential on the future genre heavy metal.

Then starting off the fall Deep Purple turned out a bluesy, trippy anthem  the #4 “Hush” with the two veteran rockers the Beatles pulling out the distorted blues rocker #12 “Revolution”, continuing with the Stones weighty #48 “Street Fighting Man” all in late September. Then a new band, the genre defining Iron Butterfly gave us a classic heavy metal song with the #30 “In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida” and The Crazy World of Arthur Brown’s gave us the Satanists delight, # 2 “Fire” peaking in October. Ending the year was Janice Joplin and the Holding Company’s #12 “Piece of My Heart” early November.

The albums, starting with Iron Butterfly’s #78, January release “Heavy” and the #4 June release “In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida” gave us the first two proto true heavy metal albums. Jeff Beck’s “Truth” album explored heavy sounds as was the Who in the heavy classic “I Can See for Miles”. Jimi brought out the hard rock and psychedelic masterpiece album “Electric Lady Land”. The Beatles explored hard rock and heavy metal with the iconic “Helter Skelter” off the master discs of “The White Album” further extending my argument that the Beatles had a hand in all music of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Many of the songs in 1968 were exploring the heavy distortion sound  but with the exception of Blue Cheer and Iron Butterfly most of the bands were hard rock bands and not what you could call a flat out ‘Heavy Metal Band”.

 

Hard Rock #3 – The Unholy Trinity

Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath

Even in the next year of 1969 when much of hard rock would be released in the LP album format with the domination of Led Zeppelin’s first two albums “Led Zeppelin” in January and then the brown bomber “Led Zeppelin II” in October showing a wide complexity of genres. The first album, laden with blues was showing blues rocks influence on the new hard rock sound.

I see Led Zeppelin as a hard rock band that explored many different genres in rock, blues, gospel, folk as well as heavy metal and other styles mixed with the love of old time rock & roll of the 50s; therefore Led Zeppelin cannot be labeled as only a “heavy Metal” band.

Deep Purple started out as a “Hard Rock” band that later ended up in the “Heavy Metal” category. Now, along with Black Sabbath, these three bands make up the so called “Unholy Trinity” or a Heavy Metal Triumvirate that had extraordinary influence on the genre called Heavy Metal..

The difference between the two genres of “Hard Rock” (Led Zeppelin) and Heavy Metals (Black Sabbath) is in Heavy Metal’s usage of dissonance, down tuning half or whole steps, the usage of the tri-tone also known as the augmented fourth/diminished fifth and Satan’s Interval (diabolus in musica), the use of chromatic chord progressions and bass pedal point and sustained passing dissonance. Black Sabbath, although rooted in “blues rock” began to move away from the blues progressions and to incorporate Aeolian chord progressions (ex: I, VI, VII) and the Phrygian modes (chromatic, ex:  I, ii, III) or scales.

Black Sabbath’s entire image as well as sounding the most extreme for the time seals the argument that Black Sabbath is the quintessential heavy metal band. The dark usage of images in horror, the macabre, Satan, pagan mythology, dysfunction, depression, fear, abuse, addiction and topics that up till 1970 had not been fully explored in the way that Sabbath uncovered.

Tony Iommi was influenced by “Blues” but in many of the songs that he created for Sabbath have a “Classic Music” feel to them like Baroque or classical guitar like Segovia or Paganini. In fact many of the Brits contributed a distinct classical music influence to rock music (Beatles, Stones, Procul Harum, Moody Blues, Pink Floyd and on to Led Zeppelin, Yes and Sabbath) quite different then America’s Americana (folk, blues, gospel, country, etc.) influence to Rock music. With the exception of Frank Zappa and a couple of others the music of “Classic Rock” was created by the mix of British Bands with the United States Americana bands.

It wasn’t until retrospect, many years after that the term “rock” would become an umbrella term used to describe many mixes of rock & roll music with other genres.

 

Rock Blog #5 – Rock Summary list

Rock – 1960-Present

Rock music formed out of the “Golden Age of Rock & Roll” original music of the late 50s/early 60s. The Rock genre  encompasses a myriad of sub-genres like Folk Rock, Blues Rock, Psychedelic Rock, Hard Rock, Funk Rock, Prog Rock, Light Rock, Country Rock, California Rock, Arena Rock, Indie Rock, etc. as well as holding on to aspects of Surf Rock, Garage Rock, Doo Wop and R&B.

After the British Invasion in 1964, the music started to slow down and become more in tune with Americana, merging with Folk, Blues, Country & Western, Jazz, and even Classical music. Simultaneously, the recording techniques became more elaborate and sophisticated giving the listener a lot more to take in. Dancing was no longer the priority of music but rather the listening experience became an art form.

1: Americana & Rock – 1964-1970 – Here I discuss how the musicians in the mid-Sixties, studied and applied the music of Americana (Folk, Blues, Jazz, Country etc.) to the new sounds in Rock music. The music began to diversify and splinter into the many sub-genres within the genre called Rock.

2: The Beatles – 1964-1970 – I consider The Beatles, with their love of American music, a turning point in the progression of Rock & Roll to the new art form of Rock music and all it encompasses. I go into great detail as to how they absorbed much of the music of before to create this new sophisticated music, Rock, that would influence the rest of the remaining 20th-century pop and art music.

3: Rock – The New Sound – 1965 – There is a clear line between the music of 1964 and the music of 1965. In 1964 during the British Invasion, Rock & Roll was going through a revival brought on by the Brits to America. Then almost overnight the music changed and became a new sound or style at first, which was later labeled “Rock”. I explore these differences of what was the change, how it was implemented and why.

 

60s Recap

A: Folk Rock 1965-1970 – This genre evolved out of the Folk Music revival spearheaded by Pete Seeger, Peter Paul & Mary, and the Kingston Trio. Bob Dylan was one of the first to define what Folk Rock is, with his controversial switch to electric Folk as did the Byrds. Later, the Beatles would switch to a more Americana sound after taking America by storm and then further influencing the new music of the mid-Sixties.

B: Blues Rock 1964-1970 – Many of the older Bluesman was rediscovered during this further revival of the great music of the Blues. The British Invasion brought in an enthusiastic interest in the Blues by groups like the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, and Eric Clapton. Blues is essential to the sounds of R&B, Rock & Roll and of course Rock.

C: Psychedelic Rock 1966-1973 – The recording techniques were becoming more of an art form as well as the album art and the education of the groups that were experimenting in this sophisticated music. Groups like Grateful Dead, Frank Zappa & the Mothers and many of the groups of San Francisco started to experiment. Across the pond in the UK groups like Pink Floyd and the Beatles were also giving the US groups substantial competition in this new sub-genre.

Also, this is when drugs were being experimented with and were causing the music to “think outside the box” that up to this point had been produced by record producers and engineers. These new musicians were now taking over the engineering.

Country Rock 1968-Present – Dylan once again directed a trend to dig deep into Americana and C&W music to influence super-groups of the 70s. Diverse groups but with a common popular light country with rock and roll which led to the Eagles, the Doobie Brothers, Glen Campbell, Lynard Skynard, the Band, the Grateful Dead, Neil Young and much of the light rock sub-genre.

Hard Rock 1968-1990s – This genre was a natural progression from Blues Rock and the older Garage Rock. The guitar started using distortion as well as increasing levels of volume and the advent of the power trio. Blues rockers like Jimi Hendrix, Cream, the Who and Led Zeppelin took this new music to louder and louder levels. Where would the later genres of Metal, Punk, Thrash, Grunge and NuMetal be without this monster sub-genre of Rock?

Classic Rock 1966-1982 – The merging and mixing of Classical music with Rock started here around 1966. The Beatles started using strings sections accompaniments as well as full-blown orchestras to further color their music as well as new groups like the Moody Blues. Now anything could be used in Rock like choirs, string quartets, brass sections and orchestral rhythm sections. This genre would continue into the early 80s with music programs and concept albums.

 

Later Hybrid Rock – 1968-1989 – In the late 1960s, the new Rock music started to blend with the new Soul music with interesting results. It seems the further we progress into the music of the 60s, the more that all the limitations and rules were being broken.

Never before had there been such an innovative, daring, otherwise refreshing progression in experimentation with modern popular music with a remarkable longevity in that it went on well into the late 1990s and early into the 21st century.

 

 

 

Rock Blog #6 – Sub-genres of Rock

The many sub-genres of rock music

Even before the Beatles came and redefined rock & roll, the music was showing signs of splitting off into its own sub-genres, a good example of this is the male-oriented Surf Rock and Garage Rock versus the female-oriented dance vocal R&B and Gospel which would give birth to soul music around 1960, 1961 to about 1964.

It wasn’t until retrospect (many years after) that the term “rock” would become an umbrella term used to describe many mixes of rock & roll music with other genres.

Tony Iommi was influenced by “Blues” but in many of the songs that he created for Sabbath have a “Classic Music” feel to them like the Baroque or classical guitar (Segovia or Paganini). In fact, many of the Brits contributed a distinct classical music spin of influence to rock music in the late 60s/early 70s.

The Beatles, Stones, Who, Procol Harum, Moody Blues, Pink Floyd and on to Led Zeppelin, Yes and Sabbath were more classically influenced or had a more classical music slant than the Americana (folk, blues, gospel, country, etc.) groups like continental U.S.A regionally influenced Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Skynard, Dylan & the Band, Eagles, Doobies, Steely’s or Zappa’s influence to the whole of “classic rock”.

Classic rock as a whole encompasses both Britain & America, its richness is in its divergent sub-genres and its wide range appeal. With the exception of Frank Zappa and a couple of other classically trained jazz artists, the music of “Classic Rock” was primarily created and developed by amateur in some cases street-punks rock & roll bands, be they American or British the bands had a criss-cross influence on each other.over and above Jazz influenced pop music.

A: Prog Rock #1 – 60’s Origins

A: Progressive (Prog) Rock

1968-1982 –

This sub-genre was influenced by psychedelic rock, classic rock, hard rock and also jazz and fusion (the mix of rock & jazz). With the release of Sgt. Peppers, many loose concepts to full-on conceptual albums like the Small Faces 1968 “Ogden’s Nut Gone Flake” or The Who’s “Tommy” were released during the psychedelic phase and a newer subgenre emerged as “prog rock” or progressive rock.

Staring with Beatles, the Beach Boys, the Byrds, and The Who released programmatic albums throughout the psychedelic era .Newer bands like Pink Floyd, the Nice, the Grateful Dead gave way to even newer bands like Yes, King Crimson, Emerson Lake & Palmer, and Jethro Tull who were stretching the boundaries of rock music even further and perfected the “programmatic” album sophistication and art, starting in the psychedelic era.

 The Concept Album

 

 

B – Glam Rock

Glam Rock 1970-1974 – Related to Hard Rock and Heavy Metal, this genre had some very glittery moments.

David Bowie, Gary Glitter, Slade and Mott the Hoople would have hits in this sub-genre at a time when there was so much going on at once. Much of Glam Rock would go on to influence the Rock of the late 1970s and especially the Eighties.

 

3 – Funk Rock

Funk Rock 1967-1980s – The new “revolution” of funk music with its emphasis on the new styles of the bass guitar and rhythm section brought about a melding of the guitar-heavy rock music with a bass and rhythm funk music.

This new mixed music “funk rock” started out with many of the blues and hard rock groups of the UK like Led Zeppelin, Vanilla Fudge, Jeff Beck and Eric Clapton as well as the Beatles & the Stones did some experimenting with very pleasing results.

Then with American groups like Grandfunk Railroad, Chicago, Bachman Turner Overdrive and even Crosby Stills Nash & Young had a mix of funk rock and created sounds that would forever keep the phrase from Wild Cherry’s “play that funky music, white boy”.

Groups like the Temptations, Earth Wind & Fire, and Funkadelic would mix rock with funk with some very extraordinary results that led to arena-sized, magnificent, deeply creative, theatrically extravagant show tours.